📝 Executive Summary
SpaceX's record-breaking IPO attracted minimal European retail participation, with subscriptions from the region's private investors accounting for less than 1% of total orders, according to sources. The lopsided demand suggests U.S. and institutional investors dominated the book, potentially limiting post-listing volatility driven by retail flows. The low European retail uptake may reflect regulatory hurdles or lukewarm sentiment toward U.S. tech IPOs in European markets.