📝 Executive Summary
The Strait of Hormuz remains a critical chokepoint for oil transit. Alternatives such as pipelines and bypass routes provide some capacity but cannot fully replace the volume flowing through the strait, leaving global oil supply exposed to geopolitical disruptions. The limited capacity of alternative routes means any supply disruption in the region could still trigger price spikes. Despite investments in diversified infrastructure, oil markets face persistent vulnerability to Hormuz-related supply shocks.